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A?nuclear weapon[a]?is an?explosive device?that derives its destructive force from?nuclear reactions, either?fission?(fission or atomic bomb) or a combination of fission and?fusion?reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a?nuclear explosion. Both bomb types release large quantities of?energy?from relatively small amounts of?matter.
The?first test?of a fission bomb released an amount of energy approximately equal to 20,000?tons of TNT?(84?TJ).[1]?The first thermonuclear ("hydrogen") bomb?test?released energy approximately equal to 10?million tons of TNT (42?PJ). Nuclear bombs have had?yields?between 10 tons TNT (the?W54) and 50 megatons for the?Tsar Bomba?(see?TNT equivalent). A thermonuclear weapon weighing as little as 600 pounds (270?kg) can release energy equal to more than 1.2 megatonnes of TNT (5.0?PJ) (this is nearly the record for the ratio between yield and weapon weight, achieved with the?W56).[2]
A nuclear device no larger than a?conventional bomb?can devastate an entire city by blast, fire, and?radiation. Since they are?weapons of mass destruction, the?proliferation of nuclear weapons?is a focus of?international relations?policy. Nuclear weapons have been deployed twice in?war, both by the United States?against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?in 1945 during?World War II.
Testing and deployment
Nuclear weapons have only twice been used in warfare, both times by the?United States?against?Japan?at the end of?World War II. On August 6, 1945, the?United States Army Air Forces?(USAAF) detonated a?uranium?gun-type?fission bomb?nicknamed "Little Boy" over the Japanese city of?Hiroshima; three days later, on August 9, the USAAF[3]?detonated a?plutonium?implosion-type fission bomb nicknamed "Fat Man" over the Japanese city of?Nagasaki. These bombings caused injuries that resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000?civilians?and?military personnel.[4]?The ethics of these bombings and their role in?Japan's surrender?are to this day, still?

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